Scholar Spotlight: Professor G.B.A. Fletcher

“Dear Fletcher,

Bradley tells me you have got the Chair of Classics at Armstrong College. I want to offer you my congratulations. A Chair is a Chair wherever it is, and Newcastle has some lovely country round about it however objectionable the city may be…”.

So begins a letter Professor G.B.A. Fletcher received from an academic colleague and friend in late 1936, a few weeks after the Council of Armstrong College (the forerunner of Newcastle University) invited him to interview for the position. If, as the letter above suggests, there were misgivings further south in the country about the city of Newcastle, this certainly did not deter Professor Fletcher from taking up as Professor of Classics in the College less than one month later. And any such misgivings were indeed misplaced, since he would hold this position for a further nine years, and remain at the university even longer. The reassurance from his colleague that such a move would at least be “a way of escape, and a stepping stone” was thankfully a serious underestimation of the department’s appeal!

ac
Armstrong College, Newcastle upon Tyne

By the time he joined the Department of Classics in January 1937, Professor Fletcher had already built up a notable career in the field, having published in journals such as The Classical Quarterly, The American Journal of Philology and Mnemosyne for over ten years. A survey of his publications makes it easy to see why he came highly recommended to the College’s selection committee. A discerning linguist, his publications cover a wide range of Greek and Latin texts, all focused on expounding the intricacies of the languages. His remarks on the errors in a revised edition of the standard Latin dictionary are enough to testify to a keen eye: “I have myself noticed more than 500”.(1)

While holding the position of Professor of Classics at the university, Professor Fletcher continued to publish on language and literature, even during the tumultuous period of World War II. In a later review, he is among the scholars recognised by D. Mervyn Jones as continuing scholarly work in the field “throughout so difficult a period”.(2) This review itself provides just one example out of many of his contribution, editing the 1939-1945 volume of The Year’s Work in Classical Studies for the Classical Association and covering “all work dealing with Latin literature”.(3) Though clearly well-versed in a wide range of texts, it is clear that Professor Fletcher had a particular interest in Roman historiography and philosophy, with many of his publications dedicated to examining the works of authors such as Tacitus, Livy and Seneca.

This defining interest saw Professor Fletcher take up the position of Professor of Latin in 1949, a role he would remain in for a further 20 years until 1969. Having joined Armstrong College in the same year that it merged with another institution to become King’s College, holding this second position in the Department meant that he witnessed yet another landmark event in the university’s history. Since the institution was subsequently declared the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1963, Professor Fletcher was present for all three of its incarnations!

GBAF.pngIt did not take long after his departure in 1969 for Professor Fletcher’s contribution to developing the university’s Department of Classics to be recognised by his colleagues. A pamphlet from 1974 celebrating the centenary of the teaching of Greek and Latin at the university (in all its various guises) gives special mention to a “Professor Fletcher, who had consolidated the foundations laid by [Professor John Wight] Duff both in Department and in the Library.” But the mentions don’t stop there. In 1995 upon his passing, G.B.A. Fletcher was the subject of The Spectator’s ‘Will of the week’ column, a rather bizarre though good-humoured appraisal of the country’s most impressive estates.(4) Confirmation of his dedication to the subject of Classics, his bequests include £5000 to the university “for the benefit of classical studies, more particularly Greek and Latin.”

His legacy also survives in a more tangible form. The G.B.A. Fletcher archive is housed in the Robinson Library’s Special Collections, and is a huge bequest of books that spans over 40 metres of shelving space. This collection contains a vast selection of Greek and Latin texts, some particularly rare and antiquarian, including editions produced by Britain’s earliest printing houses or even dating back to the 16th century. This extraordinary collection of material is still accessible today to staff, students and members of the public. To discover more about the books and journals in this collection, please visit the following link: https://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/collections/collection_details.php?id=22

As a tribute to his contribution to the history of the subject of Classics at Newcastle University, Professor G.B.A. Fletcher’s portrait is one of those of past scholars that still hangs in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology today.

Works Cited

(1) Fletcher, G.B.A., ‘More Notes on Lewis and Short,’ The Classical Review 50.5 (1936), p.165. https://doi-org.libproxy.ncl.ac.uk/10.1017/S0009840X00077210

(2) Mervyn Jones, D. ‘The Year’s Work in Classical Studies, 1939–1945. Bristol: J.W. Arrowsmith, 1948.’ The Journal of Hellenic Studies (1950), p.78. https://doi.org/10.2307/629295

(3) The full reference is: Fletcher, G.B.A (ed.), The Year’s Work in Classical Studies, 1939–1945 (J.W. Arrowsmith, 1948).

(4) ‘Will of the week’, The Spectator (20 May 1995), p.17. http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/20th-may-1995/17/will-of-the-week

Image Source: ‘Armstrong College’ http://www.ncl.ac.uk/sacs/music/about

 

Visiting Vindolanda & Hadrian’s Wall

On our first trip of the final term, we made another visit to Hadrian’s Wall. Throughout the day, we were really lucky with the weather, as we were with our November trip, it was gloriously hot and sunny but with a breeze, making the weather perfect for our walk as it prevented it being too hot.  On this trip we walked along a section of the wall beginning at Housesteads Fort and finishing at Steel Rigg. After enjoying a delicious and much needed lunch at Twice Brewed, we took the AD122 Hadrian’s Wall bus to Vindolanda where we spent the afternoon exploring.

DSC_0570 (2)

We began by taking the train to Hexham where we caught the AD122 bus to Housesteads Roman fort, making use of the combined bus and train ticket that is available in the summer. After arriving at Housesteads Fort, we looked around outside, sadly not having time to examine it in more detail. We were, however, able to view the things surrounding the fort, including the murder house. Here, Dr Phillippo explained to us that two skeletons had been found beneath the floorboards, one with a broken blade embedded in his ribs: a plot that was, in fact, in the most recent Death in Paradise series, showing it still comes to mind! Since the Romans would bury their dead outside of the town walls, this sort of burial suggests that someone was covering up the death.

DSC_0592 (2)

From Housesteads we began our walk along the wall itself. From the fort, there’s a short section where it’s possible to walk on the wall itself, which is normally not possible for reasons of conservation. After reaching the end of this section, the walk became more difficult with vast ups and downs, adding more of a challenge! Along the way, we explored the remains of Mile Castle 37 (and a couple of others!).

DSC_0618 (2)

During the walk, we were able to enjoy the excellent views of the surrounding countryside. This is in part because various sections of the Wall are built along the edges of large cliffs, including one section with a lake at the bottom of the cliff. This really highlighted the fact that rather than being designed to keep people out, the Wall was, in part, a prestige project to show that yes, the Romans could in fact build a fifteen-foot wall at the edge of the known world, even if it was completely unnecessary in parts due to sixty-foot cliffs. It was a display of power.

DSC_0626 (2)

DSC_0631 (2)

We finished our walk with a delicious lunch at Twice Brewed, well-earned after traversing several steep ups and downs to get there. Following lunch, we climbed back onto the AD122 bus for the next stage of our trip, visiting Vindolanda. At this point disaster almost struck, since the bus driver seemed to forget that it was part of the route! Luckily, Dr Phillippo realised we were heading the wrong way and alerted the driver.

DSC_0628 (2)

After we eventually reached Vindolanda, we explored the museum and the fort. In the entrance building to Vindolanda there was a model of the fort, showing us how large it was in its prime.

DSC_0641 (2)

First, we came to the remains of the fort, still an active archaeological site, worked on by a team of professionals and volunteers. Many different buildings were visible, allowing us to appreciate the large size of the fort and town, despite many being little more than foundations. The fort was built prior to Hadrian’s Wall although it went on to become important as a base for both construction and garrisons, to become a Hadrian’s Wall fort. During this time, it was demolished and rebuilt several times, with each rebuild leaving its own mark. After the Wall and Britain were abandoned by the Romans, it remained in use for more than 400 years before being abandoned in the 9th century. The fort also included a wooden reconstruction that we were able to go in, showing us the size of the buildings. Outside the museum itself were a reconstruction of a temple and of a house. The house had pictures following the daily life of a girl living in the fort. The temple had paintings of Roman scenes.

DSC_0648

Within the museum, there were many fascinating exhibits including numerous shoes, a calendar fragment and armour for a horse! The museum also contained several writing tablets, voted Britain’s top treasure. These tablets are on thin pieces of wood akin to postcards and are the oldest handwritten documents to survive in Britain. Nearly 2,000 years old, they act as window into the past, shedding light on the lives of those living here almost two millennia ago. Despite being from such a distant era, some of the subjects are not dissimilar from those of today’s texts and emails, such as one woman inviting another to her birthday party!

DSC_0651

Finally, after a long day out, we returned safely to Newcastle. Luckily, when we came to leave the fort, the bus-driver remembered the existence of Vindolanda.

DSC_0643

For more information:

Housesteads    Vindolanda    AD122

A Jaunt through Jesmond Dene

On our final trip of the term we visited Jesmond Dene. This trip was on the last Sunday before the exam period started so taking the afternoon off to walk through the Dene served as a refreshing break from revision!

Both Jesmond Dene and Armstrong Park were originally owned by Lord William Armstrong who eventually gave them to the city. He also owned Cragside and is who the University’s Armstrong Building is named after.

This trip began in South Gosforth. After meeting at the metro station we began our walk. We started by discussing William Armstrong and whether or not his Jesmond Dene House is the same as the current Jesmond Dene House hotel (it isn’t). We were lucky enough to meet a retired park ranger who was able to shed some light on our conundrum (and who also had a very cute dog).

DSC_0102

As we walked through the Dene we came across several interesting locations! There was a former quarry, with remains of a barbeque suggesting other people also thought it was a good spot to hang out in, and a grotto. The grotto was a small area surrounded by rocks with steps to enter and exit. Since that Sunday was pretty warm, it was lovely to stop here for a bit as it was lovely and cool due to all the rocks and the shade from the trees.

After leaving this spot we came to the waterfall. I personally have seen signs for it many times but have never actually visited it before so this was probably more exciting for me than it should have been. With a bridge across the stream, there was a great view. The waterfall itself, although fairly small, was very scenic, as evidenced by the number of people taking pictures of it (including us). However, despite its appearance of looking au naturel, we were surprised to learn that William Armstrong actually created it by using explosives. Thus creating the waterfall equivalent of no-make-up-make-up.

DSC_0107

After marvelling at the waterfall, we explored an old watermill nearby before heading to Lord Armstrong’s Banqueting Hall (house not included). Armstrong had this dining room built as he felt the one in his house was not large enough. Although it is somewhat dilapidated and now seems to be used to store plants, it is clear that it was a large and airy space.

We briefly left the Dene, as around the corner from the Banqueting Hall, there are the remains of St Mary’s, the oldest church in Newcastle. Although only parts of it remain today and mostly later additions, it was still wonderful to visit this calm and peaceful spot which is not immediately obvious from the road. From here we visited the holy well, which was considered to have healing properties. People used to bathe in its waters although that seemed impossible today and not very enticing to us.

After returning to the Dene, we headed to Pet’s Corner. Here we visited the animals, although Dr Phillippo was sad to see her favourite wasn’t present. I particularly liked the goats and thought they were very cute! After this we had a necessary refreshment stop for ice cream before we set off again.

We finished our walk by exploring Armstrong Park which is on the other side of the Armstrong Bridge to Jesmond Dene. We saw the cattle run (useful for continuing to allow traditional cattle routes without having the cattle too close) and the remains of the windmill, although sadly roofless and without sails now, before heading to the shoe trees – three trees containing a multitude of shoes. Also scattered throughout the park were various faux classical remains, which were originally from a neo-classical building that was disassembled to be rebuilt but in the end never was.

Finally, we headed to Chillingham Road metro to go home (and, for many of us, return to our revision).

Castles, Carvings and Cetaceans

DSC_0147
Setting the tone

On our second trip of the term, we spent a day in Carlisle! During our visit, we discovered lots of fun things there. After taking the train to Carlisle, we began our trip by walking through the town to our first destination, the castle. In fact, the first building we saw after stepping out of the station was the citadel. It was a very impressive building — originally built for Henry VIII — and set the tone for our visit, although we didn’t go inside.

DSC_0171
Besieging the castle

At the castle we learnt lots of exciting facts, such as the fact that not only is it the most besieged castle in England but, fittingly, it was also the last castle to have a proper siege. We also learnt that Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned here at one point (imprisoned but still living fairly comfortably, considering —

DSC_0190
Queen Elizabeth I was here

she used to watch her attendants playing football!) The thing I liked most about the castle however were the animal carvings in the prison which are thought to have been done by the guards! Clearly nothing has changed, then, since bored students still doodle all over their lecture notes today. Many of the carvings are of animals or shields associated with the families the guards were affiliated with, my personal favourite was one of a super cute boar!

 

Carlisle carvings 1
Doodles or carvings? (photo by Dr S Phillippo)

Following our visit to the castle, we headed to Tullie House museum. First, we had lunch in the café, involving (as normal on our trips) some delicious cake. Afterwards, we began exploring. The Museum had lots of different exhibitions, all focussed on the history of the area. Many of the exhibits concerned the Romans and included a model of a street that we could walk along! However, I particularly liked the one focussing DSC_0184on a whale that was washed up on a beach nearby. I found it fascinating to learn how they cleaned and preserved the skeleton since the details of the process were new to me.

DSC_0155
Pleasingly pink

Finally, we finished our trip by visiting the cathedral. Like many of the buildings, it’s made from red sandstone, making it an attractive pink colour. Although it’s definitely not the largest cathedral, it is still a lovely building. We were able to explore both the grounds of the cathedral and to look at the fratry although we unfortunately weren’t able to go in. My favourite part of the cathedral however, was the amazing ceiling, originally 14th–15th century but restored in the 19th, painted blue and covered with stars.

DSC_0193
Seeing stars

Finally, we returned to Newcastle, after a long and informative day, led by Dr Phillippo.

DSC_0203Find out more:

Carlisle Citadel

Carlisle Castle

Tullie House

Carlisle Cathedral